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\u8a00\u8a9e\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u306a\u6210\u679c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30a2\u30ea\u30be\u30ca\u5927\u5b66\u306eIrene Pepplerberg\u304c30\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u305f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u30f3\u30e8\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u300c\u30a2\u30ec\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u300d\u306f\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f1d\u8aac\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002Pepperberg (2006) \u304c\u300eApplied Animal Behaviour Science\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f100\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u30fb\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u30016\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6570\u3092\u6570\u3048\u3001\u8272\u30fb\u5f62\u30fb\u7d20\u6750\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u300c\u30bc\u30ed\u300d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u307e\u3067\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u300c\u540c\u3058\u300d\u3068\u300c\u9055\u3046\u300d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3082\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u300c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u307b\u3046\u306e\u9752\u3044\u9375\u306f\u3069\u308c?\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306a\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u3082\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3060\u304c2016\u5e74\u3001\u3088\u308a\u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u91ce\u751f\u306e\u9ce5\u304c\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u300c\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u300d\uff08syntax\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u306f\u518d\u3073\u9a5a\u6115\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7acb\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9234\u6728\u4fca\u8cb4\u3089\u304c\u300eNature Communications\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\uff08Parus minor<\/em>\uff09\u304c\u3001\u300cABC-D\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u97f3\u58f0\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u3068\u9ce5\u304c\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u7fcc2017\u5e74\u306e\u300eCurrent Biology\u300f\u3067\u306e\u7d9a\u5831\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8b66\u6212\u3057\u308d\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306e\u9cf4\u304d\u58f0\u3068\u300c\u3053\u3063\u3061\u306b\u6765\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9cf4\u304d\u58f0\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3067\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u300c\u8b66\u6212\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3053\u3063\u3061\u306b\u6765\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5408\u6210\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u306e\u6700\u3082\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u970a\u9577\u985e\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3082\u72ec\u7acb\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8a3c\u62e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u9ce5\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002Templeton, Greene & Davis (2005) \u304c\u300ePNAS\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u30b3\u30ac\u30e9\u306f\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u8b66\u6212\u97f3\u306e\u97f3\u7bc0\u6570\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u5c0f\u578b\u3067\u7d20\u65e9\u3044\u2500\u2500\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3088\u308a\u5371\u967a\u306a\u2500\u2500\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u300c\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u300d\u97f3\u7bc0\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u53ef\u5909\u7684\u3067\u60c5\u5831\u91cf\u306e\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9053\u5177\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3001\u9769\u65b0\u3059\u308b\u2500\u2500\u6280\u8853\u6587\u5316\u3092\u6301\u3064\u751f\u7269<\/h2>\n

\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ab\u30ec\u30c9\u30cb\u30a2\u30ab\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u9053\u5177\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306f\u3084\u52d5\u7269\u884c\u52d5\u5b66\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u6df1\u3055\u306f\u4eca\u3082\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3092\u9a5a\u304b\u305b\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30021996\u5e74\u3001Gavin Hunt\u304c\u300eNature\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u521d\u671f\u5831\u544a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u9ce5\u304c\u8449\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u306b\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u52a0\u5de5\u3057\u3001\u30d5\u30c3\u30af\u72b6\u306e\u9053\u5177\u3092\u88fd\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3082\u500b\u4f53\u3054\u3068\u306b\u300c\u5de6\u5229\u304d\u300d\u300c\u53f3\u5229\u304d\u300d\u306e\u504f\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9053\u5177\u88fd\u4f5c\u306b\u500b\u6027\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

2002\u5e74\u3001\u30aa\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u5927\u5b66\u306eAlex Weir\u3001Jackie Chappell\u3001Alex Kacelnik\u306f\u300eScience\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u7814\u7a76\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u3082\u6709\u540d\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300c\u30d9\u30c6\u30a3\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u306e\u30e1\u30b9\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ab\u30ec\u30c9\u30cb\u30a2\u30ab\u30e9\u30b9\u304c\u3001\u4e8b\u524d\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306a\u3057\u306b\u3001\u91dd\u91d1\u3092\u66f2\u3052\u3066\u30d5\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5373\u8208\u3067\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u7b52\u306e\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u98df\u3079\u7269\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u9053\u5177\u88fd\u4f5c\u306f\u3001\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5275\u9020\u6027\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9053\u5177\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u9ce5\u985e\u3067\u3082\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002von Bayern et al. (2018) \u304c\u300eScientific Reports\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30b4\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30aa\u30a6\u30e0\uff08Cacatua goffiniana<\/em>\uff09\u306f5\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u9053\u5177\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u9053\u5177\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9806\u5e8f\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3060\u304c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u306f\u3001Gruber et al. (2019) \u304c\u540c\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ab\u30ec\u30c9\u30cb\u30a2\u30ab\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u8907\u5408\u9053\u5177\u88fd\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9ce5\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30fc\u30c4\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9577\u3044\u3001\u3088\u308a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u9053\u5177\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u8907\u5408\u9053\u5177\u300d\u306e\u88fd\u4f5c\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30f3\u30d1\u30f3\u30b8\u30fc\u3067\u3082\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u6280\u8853\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u304c\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u300c\u898b\u308b\u300d\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u2500\u2500\u5730\u7403\u3092\u80a1\u306b\u304b\u3051\u308b\u30ca\u30d3\u30b2\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/h2>\n

\u6e21\u308a\u9ce5\u304c\u6570\u5343\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u53e4\u304f\u304b\u3089\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u9577\u3089\u304f\u8b0e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u9032\u5c55\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u304c\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u300c\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u6d6e\u4e0a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Mouritsen (2018) \u304c\u300eNature\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7dcf\u8aac\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9ce5\u306e\u7db2\u819c\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u30af\u30ed\u30e0\uff08cryptochrome\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u304c\u9375\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306f\u5149\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3068\u91cf\u5b50\u3082\u3064\u308c\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u5bfe\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3057\u3001\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u795e\u7d4c\u4fe1\u53f7\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9ce5\u306f\u8996\u91ce\u306b\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30ec\u30a4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3092\u77e5\u899a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30022021\u5e74\u3001Xu et al. \u304c\u300eNature\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u30b3\u30de\u30c9\u30ea\u306e\u7db2\u819c\u304b\u3089\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u30af\u30ed\u30e04\uff08CRY4\uff09\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u78c1\u6c17\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cf\u5b50\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u751f\u7269\u306e\u611f\u899a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u6700\u3082\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u78c1\u6c17\u611f\u899a\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306a\u30ca\u30d3\u30b2\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u4fe1\u3058\u304c\u305f\u3044\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u6210\u3057\u9042\u3052\u308b\u3002\u6700\u3082\u885d\u6483\u7684\u306a\u8a18\u9332\u306f\u3001Gill et al. (2009, 2022) \u304c\u300eEcology\u300f\u8a8c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300eJournal of Avian Biology\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u30aa\u30aa\u30bd\u30ea\u30cf\u30b7\u30b7\u30ae\uff08Limosa lapponica<\/em>\uff09\u306e\u98db\u884c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u885b\u661f\u8ffd\u8de1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u9ce5\u304c\u30a2\u30e9\u30b9\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u307e\u3067\u7d0412,200\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u309211\u65e5\u9593\u9023\u7d9a\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u7740\u5730\u305b\u305a\u306b\u98db\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30022022\u5e74\u306b\u306f13,560\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u8a18\u9332\u304c\u6a39\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u7121\u7740\u9678\u79fb\u52d5\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u6700\u9577\u8a18\u9332\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001Hedenstr\u00f6m et al. (2016) \u304c\u300eCurrent Biology\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u30a2\u30de\u30c4\u30d0\u30e1\uff08Apus apus<\/em>\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9ce5\u306f10\u30f6\u6708\u9593\u9023\u7d9a\u3067\u98db\u884c\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9593\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u7740\u5730\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u98df\u4e8b\u3082\u4ea4\u5c3e\u3082\u98db\u3073\u306a\u304c\u3089\u884c\u3044\u3001\u7761\u7720\u3055\u3048\u3082\u98db\u884c\u4e2d\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3002\u30ad\u30e7\u30af\u30a2\u30b8\u30b5\u30b7\uff08Sterna paradisaea<\/em>\uff09\u306f\u5e74\u9593\u7d0470,000\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u751f\u6daf\u3067\u7d04240\u4e07\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u2500\u2500\u5730\u7403\u3068\u6708\u30923\u5f80\u5fa9\u3059\u308b\u8ddd\u96e2\u2500\u2500\u3092\u98db\u3076\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u306f\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u898b\u308b\u2500\u2500\u56db\u8272\u578b\u8272\u899a\u3068\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u8996\u899a<\/h2>\n

\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u8996\u899a\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u3068\u306f\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u00d6deen & H\u00e5stad (2003) \u304c\u300eProceedings of the Royal Society B\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u56db\u8272\u578b\u8272\u899a\uff08tetrachromacy\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u8d64\u30fb\u7dd1\u30fb\u9752\u306e3\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u9310\u4f53\u7d30\u80de\u3067\u8272\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u3053\u308c\u306b\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u9310\u4f53\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u305f4\u7a2e\u985e\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7b2c\u56db\u306e\u8272\u6b21\u5143\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u8272\u5f69\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9ce5\u306e\u7fbd\u6bdb\u306f\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u4e0b\u3067\u5225\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u914d\u5076\u8005\u9078\u629e\u3084\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52d5\u4f53\u8996\u529b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u3092\u5727\u5012\u3059\u308b\u3002Potier et al. (2020) \u304c\u300eScientific Reports\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u731b\u79bd\u985e\u306e\u8996\u529b\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u7d048\u500d\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3001\u30ef\u30b7\u306f2\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u5148\u306e\u30a6\u30b5\u30ae\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001Bostr\u00f6m et al. (2016) \u304c\u300eBiology Letters\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30e4\u30d6\u30b5\u306e\u8996\u899a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5206\u89e3\u80fd\uff08\u30d5\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u878d\u5408\u983b\u5ea6\uff09\u304c\u7d04129\u30d8\u30eb\u30c4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u7d0460\u30d8\u30eb\u30c4\u306e2\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u9ad8\u901f\u3067\u6025\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u7372\u7269\u3092\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30cf\u30e4\u30d6\u30b5\u306e\u6025\u964d\u4e0b\u901f\u5ea6\u306f\u6700\u9ad8\u7d04389\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u6bce\u6642\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3001\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u3067\u6700\u901f\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6975\u9650\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u2500\u2500\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3001\u6df1\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u9577\u5bff\u547d<\/h2>\n

\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u9069\u5fdc\u306f\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3092\u9065\u304b\u306b\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3002\u30ea\u30e5\u30c3\u30da\u30eb\u30cf\u30b2\u30ef\u30b7\uff08Gyps rueppellii<\/em>\uff09\u306f\u9ad8\u5ea611,300\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u3067\u822a\u7a7a\u6a5f\u3068\u885d\u7a81\u3057\u305f\u8a18\u9332\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u9ce5\u985e\u6700\u9ad8\u98db\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30ac\u30f3\uff08Anser indicus<\/em>\uff09\u306f\u30d2\u30de\u30e9\u30e4\u5c71\u8108\u3092\u9ad8\u5ea68,000\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u8d8a\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u9178\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u6d77\u9762\u306e\u7d043\u5206\u306e1\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u30d8\u30e2\u30b0\u30ed\u30d3\u30f3\u5909\u7570\u306b\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u9178\u7d20\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u3001Meir & Ponganis (2009) \u304c\u300eJournal of Experimental Biology\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30b3\u30a6\u30c6\u30a4\u30da\u30f3\u30ae\u30f3\u306f\u6df1\u5ea6564\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u6f5c\u6c34\u3057\u300127.6\u5206\u9593\u606f\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u8a18\u9332\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6df1\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u6c34\u5727\u306f\u7d0456\u6c17\u5727\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9577\u5bff\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b3\u30a2\u30db\u30a6\u30c9\u30ea\u306e\u300c\u30a6\u30a3\u30ba\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\uff08Wisdom\uff09\u306f2024\u5e74\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u63a8\u5b9a73\u6b73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u300170\u6b73\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u306a\u304a\u7523\u5375\u30fb\u5b50\u80b2\u3066\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u9f62\u91ce\u751f\u9ce5\u985e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u98db\u3073\u306a\u304c\u3089\u7720\u308b\u3001\u7247\u8133\u305a\u3064\u7720\u308b\u2500\u2500\u5e38\u8b58\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u7761\u7720\u6226\u7565<\/h2>\n

\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u98db\u884c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u3001\u98db\u884c\u4e2d\u306b\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u7761\u7720\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u306e\u304c\u3001Rattenborg et al. (2016) \u304c\u300eNature Communications\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u753b\u671f\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30b0\u30f3\u30ab\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u306b\u5c0f\u578b\u8133\u6ce2\u8a08\u3092\u88c5\u7740\u3057\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u98db\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u9ce5\u306f\u98db\u884c\u4e2d\u306b\u7247\u534a\u7403\u305a\u3064\u7761\u7720\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5de6\u53f3\u306e\u8133\u534a\u7403\u304c\u4ea4\u4e92\u306b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6642\u306b\u306f\u4e21\u65b9\u540c\u6642\u306b\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u7761\u7720\u3057\u30011\u65e5\u308f\u305a\u304b42\u5206\u2500\u2500\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f42\u79d2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u77ed\u3044\u7761\u7720\u6642\u9593\u3067\u3001\u6570\u5343\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u98db\u884c\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u55b6\u5de3\u4e2d\u306e\u9ce5\u306e\u7761\u7720\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002Lendvai\u3089\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u9ce5\u985e\u306f1\u65e5\u306b\u6570\u5343\u56de\u306e\u300c\u5fae\u5c0f\u7761\u7720\u300d\u2500\u2500\u308f\u305a\u304b\u6570\u79d2\u306e\u7761\u7720\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u2500\u2500\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u7720\u3089\u305a\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6226\u7565\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\u304c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u9ce5<\/h2>\n

\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3067\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Emery & Clayton (2004) \u304c\u300eScience\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30b1\u30b9\uff08Garrulus glandarius<\/em>\uff09\u304c\u300c\u5fc3\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff08theory of mind\uff09\u306e\u539f\u521d\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u98df\u6599\u3092\u76d7\u307e\u308c\u305f\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30ab\u30b1\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u9ce5\u304c\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u6240\u306b\u98df\u6599\u3092\u96a0\u3059\u969b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9ce5\u304c\u3044\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u98df\u6599\u3092\u5225\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306b\u79fb\u3059\u300c\u518d\u96a0\u853d\u300d\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u304c\u8a18\u61b6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u5fc3\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Ostoji\u0107 et al. (2013) \u304c\u300ePNAS\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30b1\u30b9\u304c\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30ca\u30fc\u306e\u597d\u307f\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u304c\u671b\u3080\u98df\u3079\u7269\u3092\u9078\u629e\u7684\u306b\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30e1\u30b9\u306e\u30ab\u30b1\u30b9\u306e\u76ee\u306e\u524d\u3067\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u98df\u3079\u7269\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e1\u30b9\u304c\u597d\u3080\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u3073\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u6b32\u6c42\u3084\u55dc\u597d\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001Swift & Marzluff (2015) \u304c\u300eAnimal Behaviour\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u300c\u846c\u5100\u300d\u884c\u52d5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u30ab\u30e9\u30b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u3001\u5468\u8fba\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30b9\u304c\u96c6\u307e\u3063\u3066\u9a12\u304e\u7acb\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3092\u8a18\u61b6\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u305d\u3053\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6b7b\u304b\u3089\u5371\u967a\u3092\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306b\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6050\u7adc\u306e\u907a\u7523\u2500\u25006600\u4e07\u5e74\u306e\u9032\u5316\u304c\u751f\u3093\u3060\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u5947\u8de1<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6df1\u3044\u9032\u5316\u53f2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002Xu et al. (2014) \u304c\u300eScience\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u304c\u7363\u811a\u985e\u6050\u7adc\u306e\u30de\u30cb\u30e9\u30d7\u30c8\u30eb\u985e\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u9ce5\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30a3\u30e9\u30ce\u30b5\u30a6\u30eb\u30b9\u3084\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30ad\u30e9\u30d7\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u540c\u3058\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39\u4e0a\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u306f\u300c\u9ce5\u985e\u300d\u306f\u300c\u975e\u9ce5\u985e\u578b\u6050\u7adc\u300d\u306e\u59c9\u59b9\u7fa4\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6050\u7adc\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u9ce5\u306f\u6050\u7adc\u304c\u7d76\u6ec5\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6050\u7adc\u304c\u9032\u5316\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Lee et al. (2014) \u304c\u540c\u8a8c\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6050\u7adc\u304b\u3089\u9ce5\u3078\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f53\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c5,000\u4e07\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5c0f\u578b\u5316\u304c\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7387\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7fbd\u6bdb\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u52d5\u529b\u98db\u884c\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u4f53\u306b\u8d85\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u56de\u8def\u3092\u8a70\u3081\u8fbc\u3080\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6226\u7565\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5c0f\u578b\u5316\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u7372\u5f97\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9069\u5fdc\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a8d\u8b58\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u2500\u2500\u9ce5\u985e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53<\/h2>\n

21\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u9ce5\u985e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u77e5\u80fd\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u6280\u8853\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u300d\u8a8d\u77e5\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8133\u3084\u65b0\u76ae\u8cea\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u3068\u306f\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8133\u69cb\u9020\u2500\u2500\u65b0\u76ae\u8cea\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u7d42\u8133\u5916\u5957\u2500\u2500\u3067\u3001\u985e\u4f3c\u306e\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u51cc\u99d5\u3059\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u53ce\u6582\u9032\u5316\u306e\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u77e5\u80fd\u304c\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u795e\u7d4c\u57fa\u76e4\u3067\u5b9f\u88c5\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ce5\u985e\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u3092\u8a08\u753b\u3057\u3001\u9053\u5177\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u56db\u6b21\u5143\u306e\u8272\u7a7a\u9593\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u98db\u3073\u306a\u304c\u3089\u7247\u8133\u305a\u3064\u7720\u308a\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u5fc3\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5730\u7403\u3068\u6708\u3092\u5f80\u5fa9\u3059\u308b\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u98db\u3073\u3001\u97f3\u901f\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u901f\u5ea6\u3067\u6025\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u30018,000\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u9ad8\u7a7a\u3068500\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u6df1\u6d77\u3092\u884c\u304d\u6765\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u306670\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u751f\u304d\u3001\u5b50\u3092\u80b2\u3066\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u3005\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u30016600\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u306e\u5927\u7d76\u6ec5\u3092\u751f\u304d\u5ef6\u3073\u305f\u6050\u7adc\u306e\u672b\u88d4\u3068\u3001\u540c\u3058\u60d1\u661f\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u6211\u3005\u3068\u306f\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u77e5\u899a\u3057\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3057\u3001\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9ce5\u985e\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u77e5\u80fd\u3068\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u6211\u3005\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u52d5\u7269\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7570\u306a\u308b\u9032\u5316\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8fbf\u3063\u305f\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n

Birds have primate-like numbers of neurons in the forebrain<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: PNAS<\/em>, 113(26), 7255-7260 (2016)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Olkowicz, S., Kocourek, M., Lu\u010dan, R. K., Porte\u0161, M., Fitch, W. T., Herculano-Houzel, S., & N\u011bmec, P.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff0828\u7a2e\u306e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u89e3\u6790\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.1517131113<\/a><\/p>\n

A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Science<\/em>, 369(6511), 1626-1629 (2020)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Nieder, A., Wagener, L., & Rinnert, P.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u5358\u4e00\u7a2e\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1126\/science.abb1447<\/a><\/p>\n

The planning corvid: Can ravens plan for future needs?<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Royal Society Open Science<\/em>, 4(9), 170462 (2017)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Kabadayi, C. & Osvath, M.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1098\/rsos.170462<\/a><\/p>\n

Grey parrot number acquisition: The inference of cardinal value from ordinal position on the numeral list<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Applied Animal Behaviour Science<\/em>, 100(1-2), 23-34 (2006)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Pepperberg, I. M.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u5358\u4e00\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u9577\u671f\u7814\u7a76\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.04.022<\/a><\/p>\n

Experimental evidence for compositional syntax in bird calls<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Nature Communications<\/em>, 7, 10986 (2016)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Suzuki, T. N., Wheatcroft, D., & Griesser, M.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u91ce\u5916\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u78ba\u8a8d\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/ncomms10986<\/a><\/p>\n

Wild birds use an ordering rule to decode novel call sequences<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Current Biology<\/em>, 27(15), 2331-2336 (2017)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Suzuki, T. N., Wheatcroft, D., & Griesser, M.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u524d\u5831\u3068\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3042\u308a\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1016\/j.cub.2017.06.031<\/a><\/p>\n

Functionally referential signals in the alarm calls of black-capped chickadees<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: PNAS<\/em>, 102(15), 5460-5465 (2005)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Templeton, C. N., Greene, E., & Davis, K.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u691c\u8a3c\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.0500681102<\/a><\/p>\n

Manufacture and use of hook-tools by New Caledonian crows<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Nature<\/em>, 379(6562), 249-251 (1996)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Hunt, G. R.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u91ce\u5916\u89b3\u5bdf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u521d\u5831\u544a\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/379249a0<\/a><\/p>\n

Shaping of hooks in New Caledonian crows<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Science<\/em>, 297(5583), 981 (2002)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Weir, A. A. S., Chappell, J., & Kacelnik, A.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u5ba4\u3067\u306e\u5358\u4e00\u500b\u4f53\u89b3\u5bdf\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1126\/science.1073433<\/a><\/p>\n

New Caledonian crows use mental representations to solve metatool problems<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Scientific Reports<\/em>, 9, 8789 (2019)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Gruber, R., Schiestl, M., Boeckle, M., Frohnwieser, A., Miller, R., Gray, R. D., Clayton, N. S., & Taylor, A. H.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/s41598-019-45461-z<\/a><\/p>\n

Compound tool construction by New Caledonian crows<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Scientific Reports<\/em>, 8, 15676 (2018)
\n– \u8457\u8005: von Bayern, A. M. P., Danel, S., Auersperg, A. M. I., Mioduszewska, B., & Kacelnik, A.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/s41598-018-33458-z<\/a><\/p>\n

Long-distance navigation and magnetoreception in migratory animals<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Nature<\/em>, 558(7708), 50-59 (2018)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Mouritsen, H.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u8ad6\u6587\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/s41586-018-0176-1<\/a><\/p>\n

Magnetic sensitivity of cryptochrome 4 from a migratory songbird<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Nature<\/em>, 594(7864), 535-540 (2021)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Xu, J., Jarocha, L. E., Zollitsch, T., Konowalczyk, M., Henbest, K. B., Richber, S., et al.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u30fb\u5206\u5149\u5b66\u7684\u5b9f\u8a3c\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/s41586-021-03618-9<\/a><\/p>\n

Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Ecology<\/em> \/ Journal of Avian Biology<\/em> (2009 \/ 2022)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Gill, R. E., Tibbitts, T. L., Douglas, D. C., et al.
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\n– DOI: 10.1890\/08-2293.1<\/a><\/p>\n

Annual 10-month aerial life phase in the common swift<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Current Biology<\/em>, 26(22), 3066-3070 (2016)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Hedenstr\u00f6m, A., Norevik, G., Warfvinge, K., Andersson, A., B\u00e4ckman, J., & \u00c5kesson, S.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30ed\u30ac\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u8a18\u9332\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1016\/j.cub.2016.09.014<\/a><\/p>\n

The evolution of ultraviolet vision in birds<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/em>, 270(1510), 1-7 (2003)
\n– \u8457\u8005: \u00d6deen, A. & H\u00e5stad, O.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u6bd4\u8f03\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1098\/rspb.2002.2232<\/a><\/p>\n

Visual acuity and eye size in five species of Australian hawks and eagles<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Scientific Reports<\/em>, 10, 14986 (2020)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Potier, S., Mitkus, M., & Kelber, A.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u8907\u6570\u7a2e\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/s41598-020-72056-2<\/a><\/p>\n

Ultra-rapid vision in birds<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Biology Letters<\/em>, 12(11), 20160459 (2016)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Bostr\u00f6m, J. E., Dimitrova, M., Canton, C., H\u00e5stad, O., Qvarnstr\u00f6m, A., & \u00d6deen, A.
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\n– DOI: 10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0459<\/a><\/p>\n

Oxygen store management in diving emperor penguins<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Journal of Experimental Biology<\/em>, 212, 3330-3339 (2009)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Meir, J. U. & Ponganis, P. J.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u7406\u8a08\u6e2c\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1242\/jeb.029710<\/a><\/p>\n

Evidence for sleep in flying frigatebirds<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Nature Communications<\/em>, 7, 12468 (2016)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Rattenborg, N. C., Voirin, B., Cruz, S. M., Tisdale, R., Dell’Omo, G., Lipp, H.-P., Wikelski, M., & Vyssotski, A. L.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u8133\u6ce2\u8a18\u9332\u306b\u3088\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9f\u8a3c\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1038\/ncomms12468<\/a><\/p>\n

Social cognition by food-caching corvids: The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Science<\/em>, 306(5699), 1201-1205 (2004)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Emery, N. J. & Clayton, N. S.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1126\/science.1103199<\/a><\/p>\n

Can male Eurasian jays adjust their provision to the perceived need of their partner?<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: PNAS<\/em>, 110(10), 4136-4141 (2013)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Ostoji\u0107, L., Shaw, R. C., Cheke, L. G., & Clayton, N. S.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.1209926110<\/a><\/p>\n

Wild American crows gather around their dead to learn about danger<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Animal Behaviour<\/em>, 109, 187-197 (2015)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Swift, K. N. & Marzluff, J. M.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u4e2d\uff08\u91ce\u5916\u5b9f\u9a13\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.08.021<\/a><\/p>\n

An integrative approach to non-avian theropod systematics<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Science<\/em>, 346(6215), 1341-1345 (2014)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Xu, X., Zhou, Z., Dudley, R., Mackem, S., Chuong, C.-M., Erickson, G. M., & Varricchio, D. J.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u30fb\u5316\u77f3\u8a3c\u62e0\u306e\u7d71\u5408\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1126\/science.1258544<\/a><\/p>\n

Sustained miniaturization and anatomical innovation in the dinosaurian ancestors of birds<\/strong>
\n– \u51fa\u5178: Science<\/em>, 345(6196), 562-566 (2014)
\n– \u8457\u8005: Lee, M. S. Y., Cau, A., Naish, D., & Dyke, G. J.
\n– \u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb: \u5f37\uff08\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7cfb\u7d71\u6bd4\u8f03\u89e3\u6790\uff09
\n– DOI: 10.1126\/science.1252243<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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